NMI Holdings is an insurance company for the housing market that sells private mortgage insurance. Lenders require this insurance when homebuyers make a small down payment, as it protects the lender if the borrower can't make their loan payments. The company makes its money from insurance premiums (the regular payments customers make for coverage), so its business success is closely tied to the health of the real estate market.
How the company got here
NMI Holdings was founded in 2011, in the aftermath of the major housing crisis of 2008. The founders saw an opportunity to create a new private mortgage insurance company built on a more cautious and stable model. The company grew organically, meaning it built its business from the ground up rather than buying other companies. It became a publicly traded company in 2013, allowing the public to buy shares of its stock.
What it actually does
NMI Holdings sells a special type of insurance called private mortgage insurance, or PMI. When someone buys a home with a small down payment (typically less than 20% of the home's price), the bank or lender sees that as a higher risk. To protect themselves in case the homeowner can't make their payments, the lender requires PMI. NMI Holdings is the company that provides this insurance directly to the lenders, not the individual homebuyer, helping more people qualify for a home loan.
Mortgage Insurance
This is the company's single and primary line of business. NMI makes money by charging fees, known as premiums, for the insurance policies it provides to mortgage lenders like banks and credit unions. These lenders are the company's customers, and they serve a wide variety across the United States. This one business line is responsible for nearly all of the company's revenue (the total money it brings in before any expenses are paid).
What management is betting on now
The company's main strategy is to grow its business carefully by focusing on insuring high-quality loans rather than just increasing the total number of loans it insures. They are focused on expanding their insurance-in-force (the total value of mortgages they are currently insuring), which provides a steady stream of premium income. Management also uses reinsurance (insurance for insurance companies) to protect NMI from large unexpected losses. Additionally, the company sometimes uses share buybacks (when a company buys its own stock from the open market) to return value to its investors.